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<h3 style="padding-left: 30px; padding-right: 30px; text-align: center;"><strong>How might we identify different types of knowledge gaps? <br />Gender as a case study.</strong></h3>
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<p style="padding-left: 30px; padding-right: 30px; text-align: left;">Perhaps one of the best understood knowledge gaps on the Wikimedia projects is the underrepresentation of people who identify as women compared with those who identify as men in terms of contribution, content and readership. Data on representation of other gender identities is less available, but what data does exist suggests that they are also underrepresented.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px; padding-right: 30px; text-align: left;">The “Gender Gap” was first articulated publicly as a systematic problem in the early 2010s by both the Wikimedia Foundation and the Wikimedia communities. Even though we have described this gap for more than a decade, efforts to address it have been very challenging.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px; padding-right: 30px; text-align: left;">This gap exists across each of the dimensions of the Wikimedia ecosystem identified by the <a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.12314.pdf" target="[object Object]">WMF Research</a>:</p>
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<li><strong>Contributors</strong>: There are significantly less women contributing to Wikipedias when compared with men, with most studies suggesting under 20% women. Compared to editors there are significantly higher percentages of organizers who are women in most geographies, even though in very few of them is representation near 50-50.</li>
<li><strong>Content</strong>: There is significantly less content about women compared with men and women’s topics (women’s health, professional fields dominated by women, etc). Additionally, organizers have identified significant biases in content about women (including using different language and emphasizing different subjects). Leading indicators on other content on Wikipedia (i.e. citation of references authored by women, inclusion of photography and other media created by women, <a href="https://medium.com/@OpenSexism/erasing-her-from-history-a5be2cdbe45c" target="[object Object]">mention of women experts in articles</a>, etc) suggest there are <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359396900_Visibility_layers_a_framework_for_systematising_the_gender_gap_in_Wikipedia_content" target="[object Object]">also content gaps on other dimensions</a>.</li>
<li><strong>Readers</strong>: Women’s readership is lower than men’s readership, even in contexts with similar levels of internet access and usage. <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.10403#:~:text=More%20specifically%20we%20report%20that,women%20exhibit%20specific%20topical%20preferences." target="[object Object]">Roughly 75% of readers in Wikipedia are men</a>.</li>
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