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<td style="width: 50%; padding-top: 20%; padding-bottom: 20%;"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/emissions-by-sector#sector-by-sector-where-do-global-greenhouse-gas-emissions-come-from" target="[object Object]"><img height="100%" src="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2020/09/Emissions-by-sector-%E2%80%93-pie-charts.png" alt="where do global greenhouse gas emissions come from?" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /><br /></a></td>
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<p><strong>Climate mitigation</strong> describes the transition from the fossil fuel economy, where burning fossil fuels to produce energy and emissions to make things to an economy that produces <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_emission" target="[object Object]">zero emissions</a>. According to the IPCC, the primary causes of emissions are: fuels for electricity or building usage (such as heating), several energy intensive industries (particularly metal mining and refining, steel, concrete and chemicals), transportation and land use change and agriculture.</p>
<p>Climate mitigation describes transforming these economic sectors to halt the emissions. For many of these sectors this means electrifying everything and removing carbon intensive forms of electricity from the grid.</p>
<p>Why <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrification" target="[object Object]">electrification</a>? Except in a small handful of industrial processes, and certain forms of long distance transportation, a combination of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_energy" target="[object Object]">sustainable energy</a> (wind and solar), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_storage" target="[object Object]">energy storage</a> (batteries and other technologies), and electric devices can substitute for almost every application that fossil fuels are used for now.</p>
<p>The biggest exception to this is agriculture and land use changes. Emissions created by land use typically involve deforestation, food waste and increases in crops and livestock which are carbon intensive. Addressing these requires more robust changes in food systems. Food system change is complex: over 1 billion people work in the food system as growers and processors, and current food processes are optimized for scale production of calories, often without regard for the environmental costs.</p>
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